A Power Distribution Unit (PDU) are a fundamental part of the power infrastructure within data centres, IT environments, and equipment racks. These devices distribute electrical power from a main source to several pieces of equipment such as servers, switches, storage devices, and communication hardware.

In environments where continuous availability is essential, PDUs help ensure stable and reliable power delivery across IT systems. Without effective distribution, system stability can be compromised.

How Does a PDU Function?

A typical power supply often connects to only one or two devices. Data centres, however, require electricity for large numbers of units operating at the same time. PDUs address this need by allowing a single input power source to provide electricity to multiple outlets.

This allows IT teams to control power delivery across racks without the need for separate power supplies for each item. As a result, infrastructure remains organised and easier to maintain.

Rack-Mounted PDUs

PDUs are typically installed within equipment cabinets. These units can be placed either vertically or horizontally, depending on the available space.

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• Vertical PDUs often run along the rear of the rack and supply electricity without using equipment mounting space.


• Horizontal units are installed across rack spaces where space is available.

Placement depends on cabinet design and power density requirements.

Types of PDUs

Basic PDUs

Basic PDUs provide straightforward electrical distribution without advanced functionality. These units are suitable where power management is handled through external systems.

Metered Units

These models include integrated meters that display load levels and allow technicians to track power usage. This lowers the risk of overloads by offering insight into electrical demand.

Switched Units

These advanced units allow individual outlets to be controlled remotely. In the event of equipment failure, IT teams can reboot hardware without being physically present at the cabinet, reducing service disruption and simplifying management tasks.

Monitoring Rack Conditions

Maintaining suitable environmental conditions inside server racks is essential. Some PDUs include sensors that measure heat and moisture levels. These readings help facilities teams detect potential cooling issues before equipment becomes damaged.

Regular observation helps maintain hardware performance and limits the risk of system failure.

Load Balancing Capabilities

Balanced power distribution is another important function of PDUs. By distributing electrical demand across different circuits, PDUs help prevent one power source from becoming overloaded. Balanced loads improve system stability and lower the chance of electrical faults.

Integration with Backup Systems

Many organisations rely on uninterrupted system availability for daily operations. PDUs often form part of wider backup systems that may include uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) and standby generators. When combined with these systems, PDUs help maintain continued operation during electrical interruptions.

Maintenance and Safety

Routine inspection of PDUs helps ensure electrical safety. Technicians should examine input connections, outlet integrity, and cable management within each rack. Ongoing testing supports compliance with workplace safety regulations and lowers the risk of electrical hazards.

Why PDUs Remain Essential

As data centres continue to expand, the role of PDUs remains fundamental. Reliable power distribution maintains the performance of network infrastructure and safeguards equipment from electrical risk. With proper configuration and oversight, PDUs help maintain stable operating conditions within modern IT environments.